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if not 0.0: print("python is a scripting languagle")

Thank you! This was very helpful for me.

Why is this guy using nano wtf?

I don't know how he does it but Anthony always manages to leave me speachless. Here I am thinking that I know Python quite well yet he always finds something to demo that makes me go O_o

We must simply respond "fair enough"

That's annoying. Is there a way to circumvent that somehow? I guess you could have tests that catch that but testing types in tests is not my favorite thing...

NotImplementedType can be found in the types module (!= typing), along with other useful types (NoneType, EllipsisType, etc) :)

Very nice video! False being a float I kinda expected but I honestly didn't know that the NotImplemented class existed.

What I wonder is, why have these quirks in the typing system instead of expecting __lt__ to raise NotImplementedError instead?

So much of watching this for me is "That's weird... no, actually, that makes sense unfortunately"

So there is no python built in way to handle that?

Would the WikiDictionary be suitable for "registering" instances in a class variable for faster lookup later?

thanks man I lov u

I am very much enjoying your videos. Keep up the good work Anthony!

I know it's an old video, but I just came across this situation where C() > D() And C doesn't know about D but D did know about C, Is there a way to type hinted it in a way that mypy will know it is valid C() < D() but not C() < SomeOtherClass()?

Love this, thanks Anthony!

there are various approaches for creating sentinels. the one with enum, but also `MISSING = type("_MISSING", (), {})()` or creating a custom class with the class keyword and then reusing a single instance of it is what I tend to use if I don't want `object()`. or even importing MISSING from dataclasses could work, but well. I'm not sure it's a good idea. everything depends whether you need concrete unions or a killer type "object" in a variable (or, more often, a parameter).

Very very interesting topic. I’m using this to implement a plugin for factoryboy type annotations (types-factoryboy). It’d be great to have more videos like this explaining how to write mypy plugins, as there is very little “digested” information available, only “just read what others did” kind of documentation.

how disgusting...

I'd love to hear your opinion on PDM. It's PEP standards friendly and it's dependency resolver is much more robust.

Nice video, I am for giving people their choices. As a developer, I want a dependency manager that is opinionated and does not stray too far from selected apis. For me pip freeze bundles dependencies of dependencies, ignores missing/broken dependencies. Chances I no longer want to use that library as it is not well maintained or old. For projects like ansible-lint to deliberately break poetry support 100% of the time is childish.

Great as always

I've been using pyright in most cases over mypy which offers what I think is a simpler solution by 'tricking` the `__new__` return type. ```python from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Callable, TYPE_CHECKING, ParamSpec, reveal_type, Any P = ParamSpec("P") T = TypeVar("T", bound=Any) class Lazy(Generic[P, T]): if TYPE_CHECKING: _f: Callable[P, T] _inst: T | None def __new__(cls, obj: type[T]) -> T: ... def __init__(self, f: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None: self._f = f self._inst = None self._args = args self._kwargs = kwargs def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> T: if self._inst is None: self._inst = self._f(*self._args, **self._kwargs) return getattr(self._inst, attr) class Expensive: def foo(self) -> int: return 42 def main(): lazy = Lazy(Expensive) reveal_type(lazy.foo()) # type of "lazy.foo()" is "int"Pylance if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` This still fails with mypy in a 2 areas and fails to properly reveal the type however passes with pyright. ``` mypy t.py t.py:12: error: "__new__" must return a class instance (got "T") [misc] t.py:34: error: "Expensive" not callable [operator] t.py:34: note: Revealed type is "Any" pyright t.py /home/leaver/nzthermo/t.py /home/leaver/nzthermo/t.py:34:17 - information: Type of "lazy.foo()" is "int" 0 errors, 0 warnings, 1 information ```

I didn't know that mypy plugins was a thing

s = s.split(";", 1)[0] s = s.split("==", 1)[0] achieves the same, no?

argparse throws an error if pass in an empty string python hello.py "" hello.py: error: the following arguments are required: person

RUclips algorithm likez me 😂

For the singleton field `Lazy._inst`, my first idea would've just been to store `None` and type as `Optional[R]`. Is there a benefit to using the specific `empty` object with the _EmptyType enum instead? Related timestamp: 1:14 for creating empty object, 14:10 for updating with enum type

I'd be curious to hear your thoughts on how you expect/hope the type system evolves to _hopefully_ support concepts like proxy objects without the need for a plugin. Type annotations are definitely a big improvement when interacting with an existing codebase, but it still feels like a different language. The model I think of is TypeScript where there's reasonable support for type-level computations. But JS exposes far fewer implementation details, so it seems simpler to implement a type system that captures common forms of "dynamism" in JS. TS definitely has significant deficiencies (e.g. bivariant method arguments) but it seems like there may still be a lot of ideas that python could draw to be able to fully annotate a larger variety of constructs.

It's so funny that a Typing video is full of typos: P

he is back!

i only want to open an .exe file that is saved as sqlite why is it so hard ? i still cant figure it out

Don't have a clue what I just watched. My phone downloads this torrent all by itself every night which consists of a jpg, an SQLite and an XML. I delete it and the next time I go to sleep I wake up to find the same 15K file. Anyone know what could be going on?

Can you make a video about pyproject.toml?

the reality is Guido didn't really understand threading when he started python, that's normal for 99.9% of engineers. Until you spend a few years writing highly threaded applications, it's just hard to understand.

Hi Anthony Amazing feature, Thanks for sharing with us. One small help is needed. my mouse curosr is disappearing from my GIT command windows, could you please help me what setting command should I add into config file. Thanks

Whats a wat

Anthony, you just jumped right to the answer i was looking for, it's an instant subscribe ;)))

You wrote pre-commit?? 😮

One big reason I don't use tuples: typing variable-length tuples is annoying. list[T] is much easier than tuple[T, ...]. I guess the solution would be Sequence[T] anyway?

Thank you for the video! I was, however, waiting with bated breath for you to show an example of an error when the RHS had more than one value.

Your videos are gold. Thanks!

when i try to run make, it tells me "grep: /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/avr/boards.txt: No such file or directory" How do i fix this?

multiprocessing

Thank you for this! Usefull!

Thank you so much <3

Thanks for sharing this information, have you ever tried zenoh communication between host and docker containers? Like zenoh pub sub ?

Hi Antony, after one year of your video, still thinking you will not use poetry?

Thanks - that was very helpful - I'll code it up shortly.

Interestingly, I can't seem to replicate this on macOS. I still get a connection refused running these exact same commands. I wonder if local firewall rules are disrupting the connection? Hmm